Passive Voice (Kalimat pasif)
Passive voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang menonjolkan objek yang dikenai aksi, bukan pelakunya — padanan kalimat "di-" dalam bahasa Indonesia. "Somebody stole my bike" (aktif) menjadi "My bike was stolen" (pasif). Rumus intinya satu: be + V3, dan yang berubah-ubah hanyalah bentuk "be"-nya mengikuti tense.
Rumus passive voice di semua tense utama
| Tense | Aktif | Pasif |
|---|---|---|
| Simple present | writes | is written |
| Present continuous | is writing | is being written |
| Simple past | wrote | was written |
| Past continuous | was writing | was being written |
| Present perfect | has written | has been written |
| Past perfect | had written | had been written |
| Simple future | will write | will be written |
| Modal | can write | can be written |
Langkah mengubah aktif → pasif: (1) objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek, (2) tambahkan be sesuai tense, (3) kata kerja menjadi V3, (4) pelaku asli boleh ditambahkan dengan by — atau dihilangkan jika tidak penting.
Kapan passive voice dipakai?
- Pelakunya tidak diketahui atau tidak penting: My wallet was stolen. (siapa pencurinya tidak diketahui)
- Aksinya lebih penting dari pelakunya: The bridge was built in 1920.
- Bahasa formal dan ilmiah: The samples were analyzed in the laboratory.
- Menghindari menyalahkan langsung: Mistakes were made.
Contoh kalimat dan artinya
| Kalimat | Arti | |
|---|---|---|
| + | English is spoken in many countries. | Bahasa Inggris digunakan di banyak negara. |
| + | The letter was sent yesterday. | Surat itu dikirim kemarin. |
| + | The road is being repaired this week. | Jalan itu sedang diperbaiki minggu ini. |
| − | The homework has not been finished. | PR itu belum diselesaikan. |
| ? | Was the cake made by your mother? | Apakah kue itu dibuat oleh ibumu? |
| ? | Will the results be announced tomorrow? | Apakah hasilnya akan diumumkan besok? |
Kesalahan yang paling sering terjadi
💡 Setelah be selalu V3 (written), bukan V2 (wrote).
💡 Dua kesalahan sekaligus: tense harus lampau (was) dan kata kerja harus V3 (built).
💡 "Be" tidak boleh hilang — tanpa was/were kalimat pasif tidak terbentuk.
Latihan soal passive voice
Jawab langsung di sini — Tejo 🐈⬛ akan menjelaskan setiap jawaban.
Soal + kunci jawaban, siap dicetak untuk belajar atau dipakai mengajar. Gratis.